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A concept of capillary active, dynamic insulation integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air

Mark BOMBERG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 431-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0071-9

摘要： When a historic fa?ade needs to be preserved or when the seismic considerations favor use of a concrete wall system and fire considerations limit exterior thermal insulation, one needs to use interior thermal insulation systems. Interior thermal insulation systems are less effective than the exterior systems and will not reduce the effect of thermal bridges. Yet they may be successfully used and, in many instances, are recommended as a complement to the exterior insulation. This paper presents one of these cases. It is focused on the most successful applications of capillary active, dynamic interior thermal insulation. This happens when such insulation is integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) system. Starting with a pioneering work of the Technical University in Dresden in development of capillary active interior insulations, we propose a next generation, namely, a bio-fiber thermal insulation. When completing the review, this paper proposes a concept of a joint research project to be undertaken by partners from the US (where improvement of indoor climate in exposed coastal areas is needed), China (indoor climate in non-air conditioned concrete buildings is an issue), and Germany (where the bio-fiber technology has been developed).

关键词： capillary active insulation     integrated heating     cooling and ventilation     air conditioning (HVAC) and building enclosure     dynamic insulation     switchable thermal resistance     variable U-value walls    

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strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property and thermalinsulation performance

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 288-297 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2222-7

摘要： The practical application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical property and thermal insulation performance. In this work, silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulation performance of silica aerogels. The ungelled SiO2 precursor solution was impregnated into silk fibroin to prepare silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels via sol−gel method followed by freeze-drying. By virtue of the interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and chemical reactions between silk fibroin and silica nanoparticles, SiO2 was well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical property. By increasing the loading of silk fibroin from 15 wt % to 21 wt %, the maximum compressive stress was enhanced from 0.266 to 0.508 MPa when the strain reached 50%. The thermal insulation performance of the composite aerogels was improved compared with pure silica aerogel, as evidenced that the thermal conductivity was decreased from 0.0668 to 0.0341 W∙m‒1∙K‒1. Moreover, the composite aerogels exhibited better hydrophobicity and fire retardancy compared to pure silica aerogel. Our work provides a novel approach to preparing silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property and thermal insulation performance, which has potential application as thermal insulation material.

关键词： silica aerogel     silk fibroin     impregnation     thermal insulation     mechanical property    

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The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator

Damla Nur ÇELİK; Gökhan DURMUŞ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1486-1499 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0881-6

摘要： The International Energy Agency (IEA) states that global energy consumption will increase by 53% by 2030. Turkey has 70% of the world’s perlite reserves, and in order to reduce energy consumption a thermal insulation panel was developed in Turkey using different particle sizes of expanded perlite (EP). In this study, 0–1.18 mm (powder) and 0–3 mm (granular) EP particle sizes were selected, since they have the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients among all the particle sizes. In addition, an alkali activator solution was used as a binder in the mixtures. The alkaline activator solution was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide solution (6, 8, 10, and 12 mol·L−1) and sodium silicate (Module 3) at the different ratios of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5. This study aimed to experimentally determine the optimum binder and distribution ratio of EP, with the lowest coefficient of thermal conductivity and the lowest density. The lowest thermal conductivity and the lowest density were determined as 0.04919 W·m−1·K−1 and 133.267 kg/m3, respectively, in the sample prepared with 83.33% powder-size EP, 6 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide solution, and ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1.5. The density, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength of the sample showed the same trends of behavior when the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio was increased. In addition, the highest compressive strength was measured in 12 mol·L−1 NaOH concentration regardless of particle size. In conclusion, the study predicts that the EP-based thermal insulation panel can be used as an insulation material in the construction industry according to the TS825 Thermal Insulation Standard.

关键词： expanded perlite     alkali activator     thermal insulation panel     thermal conductivity    

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Performance improvement of a pulse tube cryocooler with a single compressor through cascade utilization of cold energy

Xuming LIU, Xiafan XU, Biao YANG, Xiaotong XI, Liubiao CHEN, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 345-357 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0708-x

摘要： The high-frequency pulse tube cryocooler (HPTC) has been attracting increasing and widespread attention in the field of cryogenic technology because of its compact structure, low vibration, and reliable operation. The gas-coupled HPTC, driven by a single compressor, is currently the simplest and most compact structure. For HPTCs operating below 20 K, in order to obtain the mW cooling capacity, hundreds or even thousands of watts of electrical power are consumed, where radiation heat leakage accounts for a large proportion of their cooling capacity. In this paper, based on SAGE10, a HPTC heat radiation calculation model was first established to study the effects of radiation heat leakage on apparent performance parameters (such as temperature and cooling capacity), and internal parameters (such as enthalpy flow and gas distribution) of the gas-coupled HPTC. An active thermal insulation method of cascade utilization of the cold energy of the system was proposed for the gas-coupled HPTC. Numerical simulations indicate that the reduction of external radiation heat leakage cannot only directly increase the net cooling power, but also decrease the internal gross losses and increase the mass and acoustic power in the lower-temperature section, which further enhances the refrigeration performance. The numerical calculation results were verified by experiments, and the test results showed that the no-load temperature of the developed cryocooler prototype decreased from 15.1 K to 6.4 K, and the relative Carnot efficiency at 15.5 K increased from 0.029% to 0.996% when substituting the proposed active method for the traditional passive method with multi-layer thermal insulation materials.

关键词： radiation heat leakage     active thermal insulation     cascade utilization     cold energy     performance improvement     cryocooler    

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Preparation, with graphene, of novel biomimetic self-healing microcapsules with high thermal stability

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1188-1198 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0027-5

摘要： This paper reports a comparative study of microcapsules with enhanced thermal stability and electrical conductivity inspired by the bionic thermal insulation of birds’ feathers for self-healing aged asphalt. The work is based on an in situ polymerization with composite shell components of graphene and hexamethoxymethylmelamine resin. By using graphene, microcapsules with rough surfaces are achieved, improving the interface between microcapsules and asphalt. In addition, the microcapsules’ initial thermal decomposition temperature is appropriately high, so that the stability of the microcapsule in the asphalt highway system is protected. The proportion of graphene in the microcapsule shell can regulate the microcapsule’s heat resistance because graphene modifies the shell’s structural makeup. Additionally, the microcapsules’ electrical conductivity is relatively high. The self-healing capability of bitumen sharply increases, providing benefit to the effect of microcapsules on the properties of aged asphalt.

关键词： graphene     microcapsule     bitumen     heat insulation     conductivity    

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Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 575-581 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0473-7

摘要： In this paper, the influence of different external wall insulation materials on the energy consumption of a newly built apartment in Germany is investigated. Three types of insulation materials commonly used in Germany including mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel are chosen for the case studies. An energy analysis model is established to clarify the primary energy use for production of the insulation materials and for building space heating. The calculation results show that the energy consumption for insulation material production increases with the insulation thickness, whereas the energy use for space heating decreases with the insulation thickness. Thus, there exists an optimum thickness to get the lowest total energy consumption for each kind of insulation material. The ascending order of the total energy consumption of the three materials is mineral fiber, polyurethane, and vacuum insulation panel. However, the optimum insulation thicknesses for the three insulation materials show a verse order at a certain heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope. The energy payback time (EPT) is proposed to calculate the payback time of the primary energy use for insulation material production. Mineral fiber has the shortest time, followed by polyurethane and vacuum insulation panel. The EPTS is 10, 19 and 21 years, respectively when the heat transfer coefficient of the base envelope is 0.2 W/(m ·K). In addition, the simulated results show that the theoretical value and the simulated value are basically identical.

关键词： building envelope     insulation materials     energy consumption     payback time    

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卫星主动控温回路的设计模型与算法

李运泽,杨娟,宁献文,王晓明,石晓波

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第7期   页码 48-50

摘要：

使用电加热器的卫星主动控温回路是一种重要的主动热控措施，通过简明扼要的机理分析建立起该主动控温过程中受控对象温度变化的动态方程，得出了稳态控温、瞬态控温两种基本的控温模式下主动控温回路电加热器功率需求的计算表达式，给出了进行主动控温回路电加热器热功率设计计算的一般流程，较详细地分析了一个具体设计算例，为卫星主动控温回路设计计算提供了简便的计算模型和方法。

关键词： 卫星     主动热控制     主动控温回路     模型与算法    

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Thermal performance of phase change material energy storage floor for active solar water-heating system

Ruolang ZENG, Xin WANG, Wei XIAO, Yinping ZHANG, Qunli ZHANG, Hongfa DI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 185-191 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0079-9

摘要： The conventional active solar water-heating floor system contains a big water tank to store energy in the day time for heating at night, which takes much building space and is very heavy. In order to reduce the water tank volume or even cancel the tank, a novel structure of an integrated water pipe floor heating system using shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCM) for thermal energy storage was developed and experimentally studied in this paper. The thermal performances of the floors with and without the SSPCM were compared under the intermittent heating condition. The results show that the Energy Storage Ratio (ESR) of the SSPCM floor is much higher than that of the non-SSPCM floor; the SSPCM floor heating system can provide stable heat flux and prevent a large attenuation of the floor surface temperature. Also, the SSPCM floor heating system dampens the indoor temperature swing by about 50% and increases the minimum indoor air temperature by 2°C–3°C under experimental conditions. The SSPCM floor heating system has a potential of making use of the daytime solar energy for heating at night efficiently.

关键词： phase change material     energy storage ratio     active solar water-heating    

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Determining the optimum economic insulation thickness of double pipes buried in the soil for district

Fating LI, Pengfei JIE, Zhou FANG, Zhimei WEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 170-185 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0680-5

摘要： The insulation thickness (IT) of double pipes buried in the soil (DPBIS) for district heating (DH) systems was optimized to minimize the annual total cost of DPBIS for DH systems. An optimization model to obtain the optimum insulation thickness (OIT) and minimum annual total cost (MATC) of DPBIS for DH systems was established. The zero point theorem and fsolve function were used to solve the optimization model. Three types of heat sources, four operating strategies, three kinds of insulation materials, three buried depth (BD) values, and seven nominal pipe size (NPS) values were considered in the calculation of the OIT and MATC of DPBIS for DH systems, respectively. The optimization results for the above factors were compared. The results show that the OIT and MATC of DPBIS for DH systems can be obtained by using the optimization model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of some economic parameters, i.e., unit heating cost, insulation material price, interest rate, and insulation material lifetime, on optimization results. It is found out that the impact of sensitivity factors on the OIT and MATC of DPBIS for DH systems is different.

关键词： double pipes     optimization model     optimum insulation thickness     minimum annual total cost    

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全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

王文伟,孙逢春

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第3期   页码 47-55 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.020

摘要：

全气候新能源汽车是指能够适应包括高温、高湿和极寒等各种气候环境的新能源汽车，相对于目前高温高湿环境下较为成熟的隔热散热与防护技术，新能源汽车在超过–30 ℃的极寒环境下存在无法启动、续驶里程锐减、充电困难等问题，是国际社会公认的制约新能源汽车全气候应用的难题。本文分析研究了动力电池自加热技术、高效冷暖一体化热泵空调技术、新型整车隔热保温技术等全气候新能源汽车技术体系，并进行了整车集成开发及极寒环境试验，最后分析了全气候新能源汽车的技术发展趋势。本文所述的研究成果将通过在2022 年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会上率先进行示范应用，从而推动我国乃至国际新能源汽车的全气候应用。

关键词： 全气候新能源汽车     电池自加热     热泵空调     隔热保温    

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Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 142-147 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0357-7

摘要： The analysis of the failure mechanics, namely hydrogen permeation of vacuum insulated tubing (VIT), indicated that the failure of VIT could be decreased but could not be avoided. To solve this problem, some measures by using non-vacuum materials were proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that to fill the tubing with foam-glass beads or high pressure argon may lead to a good performance.

关键词： vacuum insulated tubing     cyclic steam stimulation     insulation material     thermal conductivity     foam-glass     hydrogen permeation    

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Optimizing environmental insulation thickness of buildings with CHP-based district heating system based

Yumei ZHANG, Pengfei JIE, Chunhua LIU, Jing LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 613-628 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0700-5

摘要： The increase of insulation thickness (IT) results in the decrease of the heat demand and heat medium temperature. A mathematical model on the optimum environmental insulation thickness (OEIT) for minimizing the annual total environmental impact was established based on the amount of energy and energy grade reduction. Besides, a case study was conducted based on a residential community with a combined heat and power (CHP)-based district heating system (DHS) in Tianjin, China. Moreover, the effect of IT on heat demand, heat medium temperature, exhaust heat, extracted heat, coal consumption, carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions and sulfur dioxide (SO ) emissions as well as the effect of three types of insulation materials (i.e., expanded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool) on the OEIT and minimum annual total environmental impact were studied. The results reveal that the optimization model can be used to determine the OEIT. When the OEIT of expanded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool is used, the annual total environmental impact can be reduced by 84.563%, 83.211%, and 86.104%, respectively. It can be found that glass wool is more beneficial to the environment compared with expanded polystyrene and rock wool.

关键词： optimum environmental insulation thickness     heat medium temperature     energy grade     extracted heat     exhaust heat    

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advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0966-x

摘要： Based on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.

关键词： anti-fault effect     engineering measures     LRAF method     stress and displacement field     tunnel-crossing active faults    

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Solid-state NMR for metal-containing zeolites: From active sites to reaction mechanism

Xingling Zhao, Jun Xu, Feng Deng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 159-187 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1885-1

摘要： Metal-containing zeolite catalysts have found a wide range of applications in heterogeneous catalysis. To understand the nature of metal active sites and the reaction mechanism over such catalysts is of great importance for the establishment of structure-activity relationship. The advanced solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is robust in the study of zeolites and zeolite-catalyzed reactions. In this review, we summarize recent developments and applications of SSNMR for exploring the structure and property of active sites in metal-containing zeolites. Moreover, detailed information on host-guest interactions in the relevant zeolite catalysis obtained by SSNMR is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the mechanistic understanding of catalytic reactions on metal-containing zeolites based on the observation of key surface species and active intermediates.

关键词： metal-containing zeolites     solid-state NMR     active site     host-guest interaction     reaction mechanism    

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Advances in Active Suspension Systems for Road Vehicles

Min Yu,Simos Evangelou,Daniele Dini,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.014

摘要： Active suspension systems (ASSs) have been proposed and developed for a few decades, and have now once again become a thriving topic in both academia and industry, due to the high demand for driving comfort and safety and the compatibility of ASSs with vehicle electrification and autonomy. Existing review papers on ASSs mainly cover dynamics modeling and robust control; however, the gap between academic research outcomes and industrial application requirements has not yet been bridged, hindering most ASS research knowledge from being transferred to vehicle companies. This paper comprehensively reviews advances in ASSs for road vehicles, with a focus on hardware structures and control strategies. In particular, state-of-the-art ASSs that have been recently adopted in production cars are discussed in detail, including the representative solutions of Mercedes active body control (ABC) and Audi predictive active suspension; novel concepts that could become alternative candidates are also introduced, including series active variable geometry suspension, and the active wheel-alignment system. ASSs with compact structure, small mass increment, low power consumption, high-frequency response, acceptable economic costs, and high reliability are more likely to be adopted by car manufacturers. In terms of control strategies, the development of future ASSs aims not only to stabilize the chassis attitude and attenuate the chassis vibration, but also to enable ASSs to cooperate with other modules (e.g., steering and braking) and sensors (e.g., cameras) within a car, and even with high-level decision-making (e.g., reference driving speed) in the overall transportation system—strategies that will be compatible with the rapidly developing electric and autonomous vehicles.

关键词： Active suspension     Vehicle dynamics     Robust control     Ride comfort     Chassis attitude    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A concept of capillary active, dynamic insulation integrated with heating, cooling and ventilation, air

Mark BOMBERG

期刊论文

strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property and thermalinsulation performance

期刊论文

The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator

Damla Nur ÇELİK; Gökhan DURMUŞ

期刊论文

Performance improvement of a pulse tube cryocooler with a single compressor through cascade utilization of cold energy

Xuming LIU, Xiafan XU, Biao YANG, Xiaotong XI, Liubiao CHEN, Junjie WANG, Yuan ZHOU

期刊论文

Preparation, with graphene, of novel biomimetic self-healing microcapsules with high thermal stability

期刊论文

Influence of envelope insulation materials on building energy consumption

Junlan YANG, Jiabao TANG

期刊论文

卫星主动控温回路的设计模型与算法

李运泽,杨娟,宁献文,王晓明,石晓波

期刊论文

Thermal performance of phase change material energy storage floor for active solar water-heating system

Ruolang ZENG, Xin WANG, Wei XIAO, Yinping ZHANG, Qunli ZHANG, Hongfa DI,

期刊论文

Determining the optimum economic insulation thickness of double pipes buried in the soil for district

Fating LI, Pengfei JIE, Zhou FANG, Zhimei WEN

期刊论文

全气候新能源汽车关键技术及展望

王文伟,孙逢春

期刊论文

Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

期刊论文

Optimizing environmental insulation thickness of buildings with CHP-based district heating system based

Yumei ZHANG, Pengfei JIE, Chunhua LIU, Jing LI

期刊论文

advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active

期刊论文

Solid-state NMR for metal-containing zeolites: From active sites to reaction mechanism

Xingling Zhao, Jun Xu, Feng Deng

期刊论文

Advances in Active Suspension Systems for Road Vehicles

Min Yu,Simos Evangelou,Daniele Dini,

期刊论文